During the Experiment step one (in line with the look paradigm by the Vigliocco mais aussi al., 2005) i used a beneficial categorization task, where people was basically requested to decide a few terms of a good triad, according to research by the first association regarding their similarity. The target were to glance at whether or not significantly less than eg standards grammatical gender effects could be establish to own abstract terms, brands away from animals and inanimate items. For the Test dos, in accordance with the Implicit Association Try (IAT) paradigm, participants did a good semantic categorization task lower than significant day tension. The objective were to take a look at if grammatical gender are implicitly obtainable when doing a task you to definitely operates within lexical and semantic height. In the Study step three, i examined the attribution off men and women voices in order to dogs and you will inanimate stuff, exhibited often once the conditions or pictures, to be sure if the determine out of grammatical gender happens outside of the lexical and semantic accounts and you may for the visual representations, and myself contrasting their effects to own spoken and visual stimulus.
We thought your obtained overall performance enables us to attempt the new presumptions of your sex and you may gender theory additionally the similarity and you can gender hypothesis relating to the fresh Shine vocabulary
According to the sex and you can gender hypothesis, grammatical gender effects are needed to-be healthier inside the languages with a premier structure amongst the grammatical gender off nouns and the physical sex of its referents. Inside the Polish, it texture is restricted because of the proven fact that you will find three genders from the singular setting (masculine, female, neutral) as well as 2 genders regarding plural function (masculine-individual and you can low-masculine-personal), with a little a complex reference to the only 1 counterparts. Grammatical gender off nouns may vary ranging from its just one and you may plural variations – the newest non-masculine-private plural function border every singular means nouns except for male nouns dealing with individuals. For example, ‘10 pies’ (a puppy) that’s masculine in the singular means, becomes ‘te psy’ (dogs), which is low-masculine-individual within the plural, but ‘ten kowal’ (good blacksmith, masculine only 1) gets ‘ci kowale’ (blacksmiths, masculine-personal plural). Brand new tight brand of the latest sex and gender hypothesis do therefore predict too little grammatical gender outcomes in the Gloss, not unlike of several penned studies in german. A less limited particular the sex and you will gender hypothesis do anticipate here is grammatical gender consequences simply for nouns it comes down to help you pet and you may people – with a physical sex. From the about three studies demonstrated in this papers, i provided nouns dealing with pet (Experiment 1 and 3), inanimate objects (all of the studies) and you will conceptual ideas (Try out 1).
A different grounds strongly related to the latest sex and you can gender/resemblance and you may gender hypotheses is the fact that the Gloss language uses a great wide selection of gender asiame app matical gender strongly related many parts of address, not only to nouns. Grammatical gender has to be considered when using verbs, numerals, adjectives, pronouns, etc. And also the similarity and you can gender theory create anticipate you to grammatical gender effects show up throughout the fresh exhibited experiments, having fun with both animate and you may inanimate nouns.
Watching grammatical gender effects getting nouns speaking about objects that not have a biological sex would provide good help into similarity and gender hypothesis
The brand new showed research in addition to is designed to test a few significantly more particular research questions. Try dos uses a modified implicit organization sample to investigate if or not grammatical gender effects in Polish are present to the lexicosemantic top, and not just towards conceptual level. Try step three uses a method which involves attributing masculine/feminine voices so you can objects inside an animated motion picture) to check on if or not grammatical gender consequences occur into a conceptual height. And when writing on lexicosemantic and you may conceptual amounts of handling, i make use of the distinction such as Vigliocco ainsi que al. (2005, p. 510): new lexicosemantic top corresponds to new meanings of terms in addition to their linguistic operating (installing to the classes, retrieving and using lexical information, etc.) without having to manage rational representations of your words’ referents. Conversely, the fresh new conceptual top is dependent on brand new mental representations of referents and their qualities, which is non-linguistic in the wild. Having fun with vocabulary in place of speaking about mental representations off things is precisely lexicosemantic, if you find yourself processing mental representations without needing language is exactly abstract.